Start Now – Determining PT capital is a crucial step that company founders must carefully consider.

Capital is not only used to run business operations, but also as the main support for the company’s future growth. 

In this article, we will discuss various important aspects related to how to determine the capital of a PT, including the types of capital, the legal regulations governing them, as well as the factors that must be considered when determining the amount of capital.

Definition of PT Capital

The capital of a PT is the amount of money or assets paid by the founders of the company and used to carry out business activities. 

This capital is divided into several types, namely authorized capital, issued capital, and paid-up capital. 

Understanding the differences between these three types of capital is essential before determining the appropriate amount of capital for a PT.

Authorized Capital 

Authorized capital is the total amount of capital stated in the Articles of Association (AD) of PT. 

This authorized capital does not have to be fully paid up by shareholders at the outset, but only a portion of the authorized capital needs to be subscribed and paid up. 

For example, if the authorized capital of a PT is Rp1 billion, it does not mean that the entire capital must be directly paid up by the founders of the company.

Issued Capital 

Issued capital is part of the authorized capital allocated to be placed with shareholders of PT. 

The amount can be agreed upon by the founders of the company. 

However, in accordance with Law No. 40/2007 on Limited Liability Companies (UU PT), at least 25% of the authorized capital must be placed.

Paid-up Capital 

Paid-up capital is the capital actually deposited by shareholders into the company account or company cash. 

Just like the issued capital, at least 25% of the authorized capital must be paid up to fulfill the requirements for establishing a PT. 

In the example of an authorized capital of Rp1 billion, a minimum of Rp250 million must be paid up by shareholders.

Legal Provisions on PT Capital

The determination of capital of PTs in Indonesia is regulated by several laws and regulations, especially in Law No. 40/2007 on Limited Liability Companies. 

In this law, it is stated that the authorized capital of a PT has no minimum limit, unless determined by sector-specific regulations or regional policies. 

This provides flexibility for PT founders in determining the amount of capital that suits their business needs.

However, while there is no general minimum authorized capital requirement, certain business sectors, such as banking, insurance or financing, have minimum capital requirements that must be met. 

Therefore, it is important to check the specific regulations that apply to the type of business you intend to run.

Factors to Consider in Determining PT Capital

Determining the amount of PT capital is not something that can be decided arbitrarily. 

There are several factors that need to be considered to ensure that the capital set is in line with the company’s needs and growth plans. 

Some of these factors include:

Business Type and Scale 

The type and scale of the business to be run is the main factor in determining the amount of capital of PT. 

For small or medium-sized businesses, the initial capital may not need to be very large. 

However, for larger enterprises or sectors that require high investment, such as manufacturing or construction, larger start-up capital may be required.

Operational Needs 

The capital of a PT should cover the initial operational needs of the company, including office rent, equipment purchase, employee salaries, and other costs. 

It is important to make a clear financial projection of operational costs for the first few months, so that the specified capital can cover these needs.

Investment Needs 

In addition to operating costs, a PT’s capital must also consider long-term investment needs. 

For example, if a company plans to expand or invest in new technology in the future, then more capital may be required to facilitate such growth.

Tax and Licensing Obligations 

PT capital should also consider applicable tax and licensing obligations. 

In some cases, larger capital can provide advantages in the licensing process, especially for businesses that require special permits from the government.

Partner and Investor Trust 

Large capital can also increase the trust of business partners and potential investors. 

Companies with sizable capital are often considered more stable and have better growth prospects. 

Therefore, specifying a sizable capital can be one way to attract the attention of potential partners and investors.

Steps in Determining PT Capital

After understanding the various factors that affect the amount of PT capital, the following are steps that can be followed by company founders in determining PT capital:

Create a Business Plan 

The first step in determining the capital of a PT is to create a comprehensive business plan. 

This business plan should include revenue projections, operating costs, investments, and business development strategies. 

With a clear business plan, company founders can estimate the amount of capital needed to run the business successfully.

Consultation with Legal and Financial Experts 

Consultation with legal and financial experts is essential in determining the capital of a PT. 

The legal expert will help ensure that the capital set is in accordance with statutory provisions, while the financial expert can provide input regarding financial projections and capital management strategies.

Determine Authorized, Issued, and Paid-up Capital 

After getting inputs from experts, company founders can start determining the amount of authorized, issued and paid-up capital. 

Ensure that the paid-up capital meets the minimum requirement stipulated in the PT Law, which is at least 25% of the authorized capital.

Consider Capital Flexibility 

It is important to provide flexibility in the prescribed authorized capital. 

For example, an authorized capital that is greater than the paid-up capital allows the company to easily increase capital in the future without having to amend the Articles of Association. 

This will make it easier for the company to attract new investors or expand its business.

Apply for PT Establishment to Notary 

Once the capital is determined, the next step is to apply for the establishment of a PT to a notary public. 

The notary will help draft the deed of establishment of the PT and take care of the registration process of the PT to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. 

Make sure that the paid-up capital is in the company’s account before this process begins, as this is a requirement for the establishment of a PT.

Determining the capital of a PT is a crucial step in the company establishment process. 

This capital will be the foundation that sustains all business operations and the company’s future growth. 

Therefore, it is important for founders to carefully consider various factors, such as the type of business, operational needs, and legal obligations, before setting the capital amount.

Steps such as creating a business plan, consulting with experts, and determining the authorized, issued, and paid-up capital must be taken carefully so that the capital set is in line with the company’s needs. 

With the right capital, a PT can be better equipped to face business challenges and achieve success in the future.